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It is paramount for pediatric dentists to assess their patients’ gingival and periodontal health. It is not uncommon to diagnose gingivitis in pediatric patients primarily due to poor oral hygiene. However, there are children that may present with refractory generalized severe gingivitis, unexplained tooth mobility and/ or alveolar bone loss. These children need to be Background followed with thorough documentation, clinical photographs and dental radiographs, and when necessary referred to medical providers to evaluate for systemic causes such as neutrophil qualitative/ quantitative defects, leukemias, hypophosphatasia, Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis X and Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome.
